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TODDLERS should be tested for high levels of cholesterol to identify whether they are at risk of premature heart disease, researchers say.
A national screening program, which would involve a ***** of the child's finger, could help to cut the increasing number of people with hereditary high cholesterol.
About one in 500 people are affected by familial hypercholesterolaemia, which is passed on in the genes and carries a much greater risk of premature death in young adults.
The study found that screening would have a double benefit because it would identify that at least one of the baby's parents was also at risk.
Dr Edwin Kirk, of the Sydney Children's Hospital at Randwick, said theoretically the strategy made sense, but a pilot study would establish its likely success.
"In one sense, what they are suggesting is quite clever and potentially efficient, but there is the issue of acceptability,'' Dr Kirk, a clinical geneticist, said.
"Are parents going to be happy to have their one, two and three-year-olds screened for a condition that is not going to give them any problems until their 20s or 30s?''
While he would not recommend parents rushing out to get their child's cholesterol checked tomorrow, he said the test could eventually become part of a national program aimed at reducing heart disease.
"It may be that in a few years from now it will become part of the battery of tests that babies and young children have,'' he said.
The British researchers recommended the test be carried out at age 15 months, at the same time as routine vaccinations for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
Dr Kirk agreed that this was an ideal target group, a stage of life when rising cholesterol could be easily distinguished.
But he warned that it could create a "minefield of potential problems'', including worrying parents unnecessarily.
The research, published in the British Medical Journal, looked at 13 studies involving almost 2000 people with familial hypercholesterolaemia.
It found that if children were screened from ages one to nine, detection rates for the condition were estimated at 88 per cent.
Follow-up tests on the parents of a child with the condition could identify the affected parent in 96 per cent of cases.
Sydney mother-of-three Fiona Fuller said she would gladly have her children tested because her grandfather carried the high cholesterol gene.
"My grandfather passed away after a triple bypass, which they believe was connected to high cholesterol, so I think early detection is a good thing,'' Ms Fuller, 27, said.