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Genesis 3:16 says, "I will greatly increase your pains in childbearing; with pain will you give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you."
Now the misunderstanding comes from the word "pain" in this verse, which has been mistranslated. This word is NOT referring to physical pain. It is referring to hard work and emotional travail. The same word translated "pain" in the Greek Septuagint version of Genesis 3:16 is also used in Luke 22:45, and this helps to give us an idea of its true meaning.
"When he rose from prayer and went back
to the disciples, he found them asleep,
exhausted from sorrow."
The word "sorrow" in this verse is the same word translated "pain" in Genesis 3:16. The apostles had not been enduring any physical pain in the garden of Gethsemane; they were exhausted from worrying about Jesus' impending death on the cross. They had worked themselves up into an emotional frenzy that had drained them of their strength and incapacitated them. Does that sound like what happens to a woman in labor?
Because the sensations of childbirth are strange to a woman, and because she has not properly prepared herself for what it will be like, she often becomes fearful. Because she does not know how to cope with these new sensations, she often works herself up into quite an emotional state, and comes to dread and fear each contraction. This creates what has been called the Fear-Tension-Pain cycle.