Lactation
There are three published studies of metformin in breast milk. The milk:serum or milk

lasma ratio varied between 0.18 and 1.00, while the estimated mean infant dose as a percentage of the mother's weight-adjusted dose varied between 0.18% and 1.08%. This dose is much less than the usual 10% level of concern.11 Women can be reassured that it is unlikely that there will be any significant effect on their babies. In particular, there is no risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia, in contrast to the use of drugs stimulating insulin release, such as the sulfonylureas. Maintenance of maternal euglycaemia during lactation remains an important principle to reduce the risk of subsequent obesity in the child.12
Conclusion
Evidence is emerging that metformin may improve insulin sensitivity during pregnancy. This may be of benefit in gestational diabetes, but further evidence is required. Metformin can be used by women who are breastfeeding.
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