2nd degree tear. A 2nd degree tear is a tear of the woman's perineum (the tissue that lies between the woman's lower vagina and her anus) and involves injury to the vaginal skin, the layer of underlying tissue and the pelvic floor muscles. The extent of a 2nd degree tear is equivalent to the injury caused by an average-sized episiotomy and will usually require stitches to help the muscles be rejoined, aimed at maintaining the effective functioning of the pelvic floor.
3rd and 4th degree tears. Occasionally a 3rd or a 4th degree tear occurs. These are more extensive tears of the perineum, both involving the vaginal skin, the underlying tissue and the pelvic floor muscles (similar to a 2nd degree tear). A 3rd degree tear will extend to reach the edge of the anus, but not go right through to the anus and a 4th degree tear will extend completely though to the anus
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