AI is a relatively simple procedure that involves injecting a sample of specially treated sperm from the male partner into the female partner's reproductive tract.
It's important to note that AI is a general term - there are actually several different types of AI, and they are named for the location of sperm insemination into the female. The types of AI are intracervical (in the cervical canal), intrauterine (in the uterine cavity), intrafollicular (in the ovarian follicle) or intratubal (in the fallopian tubes). Therefore, AI merely describes a procedure where a qualified reproductive specialist injects sperm into the female reproductive tract. The different types of AI are recommended based on your diagnosis and probability of success with each method.
Of the four different types of AI, intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the most commonly used form. It is very useful if the cause of infertility is insufficient or hostile cervical mucus or low sperm count or motility. The reason for this is IUI allows sperm to bypass the cervix without encountering "unfriendly" cervical mucus which could "inactivate" the sperm. The reason that IUI is helpful for low sperm count or motility is based upon the knowledge that only about 1% of the total numbers of sperm deposited into the vagina at ejaculation will find their way into the upper female genital tract. IUI places the healthiest sperm into the female genital tract to increase the likelihood that one of those sperm will fertilize an egg.
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