I like Alan's explanation very good for the beginner... I remember Big number = Little light, Little number = Big light... don't quite know why it works for me but it does
Also, the longer you expose something, the more light you will let in which is why if shooting at night the shutter speed will become slower to allow for more light to come in
Plus depending on the light of where you are taking the pic, you would change the numbers accordingly. I was taught to take pics not when it's too bright, but a bit overcast and in the shade.....You dont' want squinty eyes from the clouds, and you don't want too much light because it's the overexposed....and that is just the natural light.
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