It's interesting that this paper was written by 4 Certified Nurse Midwives (in USA). The paper in its entirety is quite compelling as they go into careful detail.

It is amazing that their conclusion: "More often than not, less intervention is better. The recommendations support a gentle, physiologic birth and family-centered care of the newborn" indicates that hard scientific evidence actually supports what many have known intuitively all along.

Some dismiss gentle birth ideals as being "arty-farty" & "airy fairy" (IYKWIM) and therefore by implication, not scientific. But this study indicates the converse is true.

AugustMoon, Bec and Kara, all the very best for wonderful, safe, joyful birth experiences for you!