Age Appropriate Discussions
Ages 0-3. You may feel that under 3 is too young to communicate about sex, and from a clinical standpoint, you are right. But attitudes about sex are formed early and have their foundation in relationships. The focuses at early ages should be on knowing the names of body parts, on healthy touch and on privacy and respect.
Naming Body Parts. Children under age three are exploring their world and their bodies and will be inquisitive. When you start helping them know about ears and fingers, its OK to start helping them know about penises and vulvae. Don't be ashamed or embarrassed. It is just part of learning about their world.
Healthy Touch. The foundations of sexual attitudes are formed early. You can help your preschool child start to identify how good touch feels as opposed to bad touch.
Hugging and cuddling is good and healthy and will help children feel confident in their own bodies. But avoiding unhealthy touch (touching their own or others genitals) should be taught as well. Watch for opportunities to teach proper attitudes toward touch. Help them know that they should talk with you if anyone touches a part of their body that is covered by a swimming suit.
Teaching Privacy and Respect. One of the most important things parents can do with preschoolers is to teach privacy and respect for others' privacy. Teach them about dressing modestly when they are three and it will not be much of an issue at 14. Help them know that certain parts of our bodies need to stay covered.
Ages 4-8. At this stage, children's curiosity about bodies in general and sex in particular is growing. They begin to be aware of anatomical differences-even a trip to the grocery store or the water slide may evoke a discussion. And this is generally the stage where parents are asked about some of the mechanics of making babies.
Cultural Influences. The awareness of children to their surroundings begins early and they will start noticing the cultural issues around sex. If Mom or a friend's mom, is expecting a baby, there will be an opportunity to talk about how babies get in there and how they come out. They will also start becoming aware of body differences between men and women. This is a good time to give accurate information and to reinforce the messages you hope they get about sex and intimacy.
The Mechanics of Sex. When you get the inevitable questions about sex ("How did the baby get in there?"), it's time to start talking about the details of reproduction. It can start pretty simply. For example, you can talk about a special seed that is inside daddies that combines with a little egg that is inside mommies. When these two things combine, a baby starts growing. Then, as questions continue ("How does the seed get from the daddy into the mommy?") then you can get more clinical. You may want to find some good books at your library or local bookstore that will help you teach these principles.
Ages 9-12. By the time your children reach nine or ten, they should know the mechanics of sex and reproduction. They will likely be starting to hear about sex from their friends and may start experiencing sexual desire or arousal. Girls usually start first finding the opposite very interesting-boys typically take a little longer. This is a good time to start focusing on responsibility and helping children understand values and consequences.
Talking About Responsible Sex. As your children start feeling hormones or cultural pressures about sex, it is a good time to talk about responsibility. Help them learn that sex is natural and healthy, but that it is meant as a part of a mature, committed relationship. Teach them about the need to wait for sexual activity until it is in that context. Help them know that sexual feelings are normal, but need to be managed according to their values. Just like we don't always strike out physically when we are angry, we don't act out when we feel sexually aroused. Our actions need to always be governed by our values. Also, help them understand the risks and consequences of a pregnancy if the mom and dad are not ready to be parents.
Be There To Answer Questions. Ages 9-12 is also a time when children are open to asking questions of their parents and listening to answers. This openness is fleeting once a child enters the teen years, and so dads should take the opportunity to respond to questions when they are asked.
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