Tomatos are excellent for pots - they love it, and you can move them around easily out of the sun.
Peas also as they are climbers do well in pots.
Herbs and fruit trees also flourish in pots.
Brocolli, Cauliflower and Cabbage would all do well in pots also.
Things like pumpkins, zucinnis probably not so much as they spread out along the ground and then fruit, so not practical for pots.
Strawberries are ace in pots too.

Good luck!! Growing your own veg is awesome - and they taste amazing!