I agree on the no dig idea- I've done this a number of times.
This time of year, you are looking at brasicas - so broccoli, cauli, cabbage. The are all pretty easy to grow. In spring you will be able to plant peas, corn,tomatoes, zuchini, cucumber, etc.

As for the time frame, 6-8 mths max is your havest time for most things, much less for alot of summer plants so I wouldn't worry too much about that.