If bubs is DS you would probably find out at the scan around 20 weeks as that scan usually picks up the markers. Ultrasound however does not pick up all DS cases.
The only way to know for sure is to have an amnio or CVS. The risk of m/c is quite low and it is not known if it's a real risk as women who have these tests are thought to be having a higher risk pregnancy anyway and therefore may have miscarried anyway even if they hadn't had the test.
Although at your age you are considered low risk the majority of DS bubs are born to women in their twenties. This is thought to be because women who are of higher risk (say over 35) are more likely to have invasive testing and then abort if DS is detected whereas young women often don't have any testing, or only have the nuchal test and blood test which only gives a risk factor, not a result.
By the way the blood tests and nuchal test don't give false positives. They just give you a risk factor. I got 1/37 of DS with mine which meant that of 37 women with the same result as me one of them would have a DS bubs, the other 36 wouldn't. I turned out to be one of the 36 who didn't.
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