My understanding is that the two terms are used interchangeably as past tense and past participle. But not in US English, where spelled is used for both.
Right, see I didn't learn this stuff properly at school. I honestly don't remember learning what a verb, noun etc is and to this day I still don't really know what all those things mean. This is the first time I've heard of participle and I've got no clue what it is. I wouldn't have known there was any difference between sang/sung and rang/rung. I wouldn't be certain what to write if I ran passed/past someone.
Verb: actionman of grammer. The "doing words" (run, laugh, dance, beat the idiot internet to a bloody pulp...)
Noun: a thing. A spoon, windmill, pole, box...
Adjectives describe nouns (a blue box, a bloody pulp, a blunt spoon), whereas adverbs describe verbs (run fast, loudly sing, move like Jagger...)
Past tense is what you actually did in the past, in practice. (I spelled onomatapia correctly in my essay yesterday. I passed Pete in the hall.)
Past participle is what was done in the past in abstract, but no facts to pin on it (I ran past Pete. I spelt onomatapia correctly. Onomatapia is spelt as it sounds: finally, no wordplay irony!)
Bookmarks