Studies

[Jennifer13]

Slyder - I know you're after empirical evidence, but you might find it interesting to read some anecdotal stories here too. https://www.bellybelly.com.au/forums...g-twins-2.html

[~Raven~]

I haven't read any replies here because I don't have the time but couldn't not leave my humble little opinion Apologies if anyone has said the same.

I don't have an scientific studies but:

My body was able to grow and nurture a baby (well OK 4 of them). To sustain and develop this new life my body gave it nutrients from my own.

My breasts create milk. This milk is also filled with nutrients from my body. THE same body which was able to make and nurture this perfectly formed human being is also able to nurture it through it's infancy outside my body using my milk.

Therfore the milk my body creates from my breast, which is made from the same body that made the baby, is better than anything made by a factory.

Why do you need a scientific study to tell you what is better? Trust in the ability of the womans body to grow a perfectly formed human being as well as create the milk to nurture the infant once it's born!

[slyder]

I'm trying to determine as much as possible, the health based differences between BF and FF (ie. to what extent FF'ing trails BF'ing). I am not saying that BF'ers need to justify what comes naturally. Hopefully that again explains my intention.

[Schmickers]

Slyder's made his requests pretty clear. Let's keep it on topic. If you'd like to discuss the more unquantifiable or intangible benefits of breastfeeding, then please start a new thread. Thank you.

[~Raven~]

Apologies for not reading the further replies, I didn't have time and like I stated I was responding to the OP

I hope that that you get the info you need!

[BellyBelly]

Slyder, it's not exactly a study but very interesting facts none the less - I posted yesterday (I think) a list of ingredients in both formula and breastmilk. While there is no study attached to it, comparing the list, you'd be able to come to a conclusion yourself that the huge list of things in breastmilk compared to the smaller formula list would be a big indicator, especially the fact that breastmilk has many live ingredients in it which science will not be able to replicate in the forseeable future, like white blood cells.

[Barb Glare]

Not a very comprehensive list - but I hope this gets you started.
Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, Naylor AJ, O'Hare D, Schanler RJ, et al.
Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. American Academy of Pediatrics. Section on
Breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2005; 115(2): 496-506.


Harder T, Bergmann R, Kallischnigg G, Plagemann A. Duration of Breastfeeding and Risk of Overweight: A Meta-Analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2005; 162(5): 397-403.

Dewey KG. Is breastfeeding protective against child obesity? Journal of Human Lactation. 2003; 19(1): 9-18.


Fisher JO, Birch LL, Smiciklas-Wright H, Picciano MF. Breast-feeding through the first year predicts maternal control in feeding and subsequent toddler energy intakes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2000; 100(6): 641-646.

Dewey KG. Growth characteristics of breast-fed compared to formula-fed infants. Biology of the Neonate. 1998; 74(2): 94-105.

McGill HC, Jr., Mott GE, Lewis DS, McMahan CA, Jackson EM. Early determinants of adult metabolic regulation: effects of infant nutrition on adult lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. [Review] [52 refs]. Nutrition Reviews. 1996; 54(2 Pt 2): S31-40.

Locke R. Preventing obesity: the breast milk-leptin connection. Acta Paediatrica. 2002; 91(9): 891-894.

Burke V, Beilin LJ, Simmer K, Oddy WH, Blake KV, Doherty D, et al. Breastfeeding and overweight: longitudinal analysis in an Australian birth cohort. Journal of Pediatrics. 2005; 147(1): 56-61.

Lawlor DA, Smith GD. Early life determinants of adult blood pressure. Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension. 2005; 14(3): 259-64.

Martin RM, Gunnell D, Smith GD. Breastfeeding in infancy and blood pressure in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 161(1): 15-26.

Fewtrell MS. The long-term benefits of having been breast-fed. Current Paediatrics 2004; 14(2): 97-103.

Owen CG, Whincup PH, Odoki K, Gilg JA, Cook DG. Infant feeding and blood cholesterol: a study in adolescents and a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(3): 597-608. 20. Villalpando S, Hamosh M. Early and late effects of breast-feeding: does breast-feeding really matter? [Review] [144 refs]. Biology of the Neonate. 1998; 74(2): 177-91.

Couper JJ. Environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health. 2001; 37(3): 218-20.

Akerblom HK, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Savilahti E, Vaarala O, Reunanen A, et al. Dietary manipulation of beta cell autoimmunity in infants at increased risk of type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Diabetologia. 2005; 48(5): 829-837.

de Onis M. Foreword. Acta Paediatrica 2006; 95(Supplement 450): 5-6.
24. Reader D, Franz MJ. Lactation, diabetes, and nutrition recommendations. Current Diabetes Reports. 2004; 4(5): 370-6.

Oddy WH, Holt PG, Sly PD, Read AW, Landau LI, Stanley FJ, et al. Association between breast feeding and asthma in 6 year old children: findings of a prospective birth cohort study. BMJ 1999; 319(7213): 815-819.

Oddy WH, de Klerk NH, Sly PD, Holt PG. The effects of respiratory infections, atopy, and breastfeeding on childhood asthma. Eur Respir J 2002; 19(5): 899-905.

Marra F, Lynd L, Coombes M, Richardson K, Legal M, Fitzgerald J, et al. Does antibiotic exposure during infancy lead to development of asthma? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 2006; 129:610-618.

Flors MS, Fairchok MP. The relationship of breastfeeding to antimicrobial exposure in the first year of life. Clinical Pediatrics 2004; 43:631-363.

Friedman NJ, Zeiger RS. The role of breast-feeding in the development of allergies and asthma. [Review] [84 refs]. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2005; 115(6): 1238-1248.

Oddy WH, Peat J. Breastfeeding, asthma, and atopic disease: an epidemiological review of the literature. Journal of Human Lactation 2003; 19:250 - 261.

Kull I, Bohme M, Wahlgren CF, Nordvall L, Pershagen G, Wickman M. Breast-feeding reduces the risk for childhood eczema. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2005; 116(3): 657-661.

Kull I, Wickman M, Lilja G, Nordvall SL, Pershagen G. Breast feeding and allergic diseases in infants-a prospective birth cohort study. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2002; 87(6): 478-481.

Elliott EJ, Dalby-Payne JR. 2. Acute infectious diarrhoea and dehydration in children.
Medical Journal of Australia. 2004; 181(10): 565-570.
50. Gianino P, Mastretta E, Longo P, Laccisaglia A, Sartore M, Russo R, et al. Incidence of nosocomial rotavirus infections, symptomatic and asymptomatic, in breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2002; 50(1): 13-17.

Duffy LC, Byers TE, Riepenhoff-Talty M, La Scolea LJ, Zielezny M, Ogra PLT-. The effects of infant feeding on rotovirus-induced gastroenteritis: a prospective study. American Journal of Public Health 1986; 76:259-263.

Sethi D, Cumberland P, Hudson MJ, Rodrigues LC, Wheeler JG, Roberts JA, et al. A study of infectious intestinal disease in England: risk factors associated with group A rotavirus in children. Epidemiology & Infection. 2001; 126(1): 63-70.

Golding J, Emmett PM, Rogers IS. Does breastfeeding protect against non-gastric infections? Early Human Development 1997; 49:S105-S120.

Hanson LA, Hofvander Y, Lindquist B, Zetterstrom R. Breast-feeding as a protection against gastroenteritis and other infections. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 1985; 74:641-642.
Oddy WH, Sly PD, de Klerk NH, Landau LI, Kendall GE, Holt PG, et al. Breast feeding and respiratory morbidity in infancy" a birth cohort study. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 2003; 88:224-228.

Downham MA, Scott R, Sims DG, Webb JKG. Breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections. British Medical Journal 1976; 2:274-276.

Pisacane A, Graziano L, Mazzarella G, Scarpellino B, Zona G. Breast-feeding and urinary tract infection. Journal of Pediatrics 1992; 120:87-89.

. Marild S, Jodal U, Hanson LA. Breastfeeding and urinary tract infection. Lancet. 1990; 336(8720): 942.

Blair PS, Sidebotham P, Berry PJ, Evans M, Flemming PJ. Major epidemiological changes in sudden infant death syndrome: a 20-year population based study in the UK. Lancet 2006; 367(9507): 314-319.

Fleming PJ, Blair PS, Ward Platt M, Tripp J, Smith IJ, Group CSR. Sudden infant death syndrome and social deprivation: assessing epidemiological factors after post-matching for deprivation. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2003; 17(3): 272-280.

McVea KL, Turner PD, Peppler DK. The role of breastfeeding in sudden infant death
syndrome. Journal of Human Lactation 2000; 16:13-20.

Fredrickson DD, Sorenson JR, Biddle AK, Kotelchuck. Relationship of sudden infant death syndrome to breastfeeding duration and intensity. American Journal of Diseases and Children 1993; 147:460.

Alm B, Wennergren G, Norvenius SG, Skaerven R, Lagercrants H, Helweg-Larsen K, et al. Breastfeeding and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Scandinavia1992-1995. Arch Dis Child 2002; 86:400-402.

Aniansson G, Avensson H, Becker M, Ingvarsson L. Otitis media and feeding with
breastmilk of children with a cleft palate. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and reconstructive surgery and hand surgery 2002; 36:9-15.

Aniansson G, Avensson H, Becker M, Ingvarsson L. Otitis media and feeding with
breastmilk of children with a cleft palate. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and reconstructive surgery and hand surgery 2002; 36:9-15.

Palmer B. The influence of breastfeeding on the development of the oral cavity: a
commentary. Journal of Human Lactation. 1998; 14(2): 93-98.

Labbok MH, Hendershot G. Does breastfeeding protect against malocclusion? An analysis of the 1981 Child Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. American Journal of Preventative Medicine 1987; 3:227-232.

. Kushida CA, Efron B, Guilleminault C. A predictive morphometric model for the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Annuals of Internal Medicine 1997; 127:581-587.

Anderson WA, Pratt J, Ryan MR, Flynn A. A probabilistic estimation of fluoride intake by infants up to the age of 4 months from infant formula reconstituted with tap water in the fluoridated regions of Ireland. Caries Research 2004; 38:421-429.

Hong L, Levey SM, Warren J, Dawson DV, Bergus GR, Wefel JS, et al. Association of amoxicillin use during early childhood with developmental tooth enamel defects. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 2005; 159:943-948.
88. Chen A, Rogan WJ. Breastfeeding and the Risk of Post neonatal Death in the United States. Pediatrics 2004; 113(5): e435-439.

Carpenter RG, Gardner A, McWeeny PM, Emery JL. Multistage scoring system for
identifying infants at risk of unexpected death. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1977; 52(8): 606-612.


Mann PE, Felicio LF, Bridges RS. Investigation into the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the induction and maintenance of maternal behaviour in rats. Hormones & Behaviour. 1995; 29(3): 392- 406.

Neumann ID. Brain mechanisms underlying emotional alterations in the peri partum period in rats. Depression & Anxiety. 2003; 17(3): 111-21.

Groer MW, Davis MW, Hemphill J. Postpartum stress: current concepts and the possible protective role of breastfeeding. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatal Nursing 2002; 31:411-417. 50 302 women with breast cancer and 96 973 women without the disease. The Lancet 2002; 360:187-195.

. Zheng T, Duan L, Liu Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Chen Y, et al. Lactation reduces breast cancer risk in Shandong Province, China. American Journal of Epidemiology 2000; 152:1129-1135.

Lankarani-Fard A, Kritz-Silverstein, Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D. Cumulative duration of breast-feeding influences cortisol levels in post-menopausal women. Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine 2001; 10:681-687.

1Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F. Do breast-feeding and other
reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis and Rheumatism 2004; 50:3458-3467.

Labbok MH. The evidence for breastfeeding: effects of breastfeeding on the mother.
Pediatric Clinics of North America 2001; 48:143-158.

Stuebe AM, Rich-Edwards JW, Willett W, C. , Manson JE, Michels KB. Duration of
lactation and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Journal of the American Medical Association 2005; 294:2601-2610.

Zubrick SR, Lawrence DM, Silburn SR, Blair EM, Milroy H, Wilkes T, et al. The Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey: The Health of Aboriginal Children and Young People. Perth: Curtin University of Technology; 2005.

[slyder]

Gold. Thanks very much to you all, especially to Barb for the big list. Looks like I have a bit of material to track down.

[fionas]

Could you please post back with a summary when you have done more reading.

I would be interested as a woman who would strongly prefer to breastfeed but was in a situation last time where my inability to do so was affecting my mental health and bonding with dd but saw ff as vastly inferior. So rock and hard place scenario. I am hoping with better support this time around that bring will happen BUT it would be great to hear your thoughts on the studies out there.

[AnyDream]

Slyder, did you look at the links I provided for you?

[Pretty Butterfly]

Ok, I cant provide any scientific study, but I can provide a b/f story for a special needs baby....
Kane was born with a cleft lip/gum/palate that requires lots of surgeries. He was unable to b/f, so I EBM for 10 months, and he had nothing else.

*With BM he was able to eat much closer to surgery times (shows how natural and good it is, was unable to even have WATER!)
* had a MUCH faster recovery time (docs in SHOCK, very few clefties get BM, they couldn't believe how soon he fed after his ops, and how fast he picked up)
* We were warned of how much wieght he would lose, being on liquid only diets ,for weeks, after each op.... he lost only a small amount, and the docs put it, again, down to the fact that he had BM.

So although no scientific stuff, i do believe in how superior it is over FF. It was more than enough to prove a lot to me, research or no research!!

Good luck in your finds, and like the others, would LOVE to see what you can find!!! Very interested....

Jodie xoxo


Been thinking about this, and I guess i liken bf/ ff to being like the sun and a tanning bed, rain water compared to bottled...etc.... nothing can ever really beat the natural, know what I mean?? There are no vitamins and minerals, or anitbacterial properties to gain from a tanning bed, and there is SO much crap in bottled water, compared to the REAL thing.... so I guess what I mean is I understand your reasoning for wanting the data, but for me, the fact that is natural and made for my baby, then it will always be best...imo of course..xoxo

[Ryatha]

Hey Slider

Just some annecdotal evidence: I tried and was unable to BF DD1 which was so dissapointing as I wanted her to have BM. However she still grew really well and reached her milestones way ahead of normal. She was recently diagnosed as 'gifted' in maths and problem solving and is a highly intelligent, capable, happy, fit child. So even though she was FF I don't believe she has suffered in anyway.

So if FF is required it doesn't mean they can't be smart and healthy.

HTH

[slyder]

Could you please post back with a summary when you have done more reading.

I would be interested as a woman who would strongly prefer to breastfeed but was in a situation last time where my inability to do so was affecting my mental health and bonding with dd but saw ff as vastly inferior. So rock and hard place scenario. I am hoping with better support this time around that bring will happen BUT it would be great to hear your thoughts on the studies out there.

Yep. Will do.

Slyder, did you look at the links I provided for you?

Not yet. Haven't made much progress on anything yet, due to other commitments, but they're on the list. Thankyou.

[Baby Dreamtime]

Hi slyder,
Not sure if anyone has posted this yet Effectiveness of Breastfeeding on Child and Maternal Outcomes: Structured Abstract Or if it is what you are looking for.

Also just FYI I am 4 months in to exclusively bf my twin girls, it has been the hardest part if this whole experience however I feel incredibly proud of my self for getting this far and so happy to give them this start, however would have been ok to ff if my supply had not been enough. Gl to you and mrs slyder what ever you decide and congrats on reaching almost 34 weeks, I hope she and bubs are doing well so far xx