Can I ask what you're using time out for? If it's not working as a deterrent, then maybe you need to think of other creative ways to get your point across. For eg, I have only used time out when DD went through a stage of hitting me last year. I told her that if she was going to hurt me then she needed to stay in the laundry and think about it for a minute, because that hurt Mummy. TBH I was not really that comfortable about using it even for this, but since physical aggression is so inappropriate I was desperate for something!

Most other things where her behaviour is inappropriate, I try to think of alternatives. If she damages/throws something, it either gets removed, put away or thrown out. And we talk about why she's upset. If she shouts at me, I tell her that I will speak to her when she is using a nicer voice. Something that connects the idea of responsibility for her actions/words with what follows. It's not necessarily a punishment, it's more like a consequence. I always explain why the consequence is applied.